Which Army planning methodology is a dynamic process used by small-unit leaders?

The correct choice identifies Troop Leading Procedures as the dynamic process used by small-unit leaders. This methodology is specifically designed for small units within the army to ensure efficient planning and execution of missions. Troop Leading Procedures consist of several steps that guide leaders through the process of preparing for missions, which includes receiving the mission, issuing the warning order, making a tentative plan, conducting reconnaissance, and issuing the operations order. This structured approach allows for flexibility and adaptability, crucial for small units that often operate in changing environments or situations.

The other options, while relevant to military operations, do not specifically pertain to the dynamic planning process utilized by small-unit leaders. The mission command model, for example, is a broader approach focusing on decentralized execution of missions, while crisis management techniques refer more to specific responses in emergency situations. Unit standard operating procedures are established protocols that guide various aspects of unit functions but do not serve in the same dynamic planning capacity as Troop Leading Procedures.